Once the partial is in place, the index.html.erb view becomes all of two lines of code. Calling the partial on an entire collection of Posts is trivial, plus a link to create a new post at the bottom.
# File: index.html.erb
<%= render :partial => 'post', :collection => @posts %>
<%= link_to 'New post', new_post_path %>
One final edit is required. Replace the contents of show.html.erb with a call to the partial. This makes the Posts controller completely DRY as far as displaying posts is concerned. If, in the future, you need to display a post in any other action, simply call the post partial. Later, if you wish to edit how a post is displayed, edit the post partial and it will be edited everywhere posts are automatically displayed.
# File: show.html.erb
<%= render :partial => 'post', :object => @post %>

